Which agencies govern the electromagnetic spectrum?

• A. FAA and FCC
• B. FCC and NTIA
• C. DoD and NSA
• D. DHS and FCC

Answer: (B)

Governing the electromagnetic spectrum involves who allocates frequencies, sets rules, and coordinates use to prevent interference across all services. In the United States, two main bodies handle this responsibility together: the FCC and the NTIA. The FCC licenses and regulates non-federal and civilian use of spectrum—think broadcasting, mobile services, satellites, and other commercial communications—and it enforces rules to keep interference in check. The NTIA, within the Commerce Department, oversees federal government use of the spectrum and coordinates with other agencies to ensure federal operations have the bands they need while sharing resources with civilian users. They also participate in international discussions through bodies like the ITU to align national policy with global standards. Agencies like the DoD and NSA operate within the allocations set by FCC and NTIA, focusing on national security and military needs, while FAA, DHS, and others have specialized roles but do not govern spectrum as a whole. That’s why the pair of FCC and NTIA is the correct answer.